Article 9 – Freedom of Association

(1) All Germans have the right to form associations and societies.

(2) Associations whose aims or activities contravene criminal laws, or which are directed against the constitutional order or against the concept of international understanding, are prohibited.

(3) The right to form associations to safeguard and improve working and economic conditions is guaranteed for everyone and for all professions. Agreements that restrict or seek to hinder this right are null and void; measures directed to that end are unlawful. Measures pursuant to Articles 12a, 35 paragraphs 2 and 3, Article 87a paragraph 4 and Article 91 may not be directed against labor disputes conducted by associations within the meaning of sentence 1 for the purpose of safeguarding and improving working and economic conditions.